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Magyar Gárda Mozgalom (English: ''Hungarian Guard Movement'') founded by Magyar Gárda Hagyományőrző és Kulturális Egyesület (English: ''Hungarian Guard Association for Protection of Traditions and Culture'')〔http://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/meldung487764.html (German)〕 was the paramilitary wing of the nationalist Jobbik party in Hungary.〔Tove H. Malloy, Joseph Marko.. Minority Governance in and beyond Europe: Celebrating 10 Years of the European Yearbook of Minority Issues. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2014. p. 208.〕〔Peter Parycek. CeDEM 12 Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government 3-4 May 2012 Danube-University Krems, Austria. 2012. p. 233.〕〔William M. Downs. Political Extremism in Democracies: Combating Intolerance. Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. p. 191.〕〔Charles Asher Small. Global Antisemitism: A Crisis of Modernity. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. 2013. p. 226〕 It was founded through an "oath of loyalty to Hungary" by its members in Buda Castle, Budapest, on 25 August 2007.〔("Hundreds join Hungary" )〕 It was dissolved by the Budapest Tribunal on 2 July 2009.〔(FigyelőNet ) – ''Feloszlatták a Magyar Gárdát'' (The Magyar Gárda has been dissolved). FigyelőNet, MTI, 2 July 2009.〕 The president of the Association was Gábor Vona, and it had such prominent members as Lajos Für former (1990–1994) defence minister of Hungary. ==Ideology== The group itself claimed to aim at "defending a physically, spiritually and intellectually defenceless Hungary".〔〔(Alapito nyilatkozat ) Establishment manifesto (Hungarian)〕 The international press and its opponents, such as Hungary's former prime minister Ferenc Gyurcsány, have described the organization neo-fascist〔http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,3752785,00.html〕 or neo-Nazi,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Budapest court disbands neo-Nazi Hungarian Guard )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Neo-Nazi Activity Spreading Around the World )〕 similar to Hitler's brownshirts ("SA") in Nazi Germany and the fascist Arrow Cross Party in Hungary.〔(Hundreds join Hungary far-right "guard", take oath ), Reuters, 21 October 2007; (Brown Shirts March in Budapest as Gyurcsany Condemns `Fascists' ), Bloomberg, Sept 5, 2007〕 The Magyar Gárda is described by not only the Western European press but also the Hungarian press as a paramilitary organization, a civilian militia or party militia. On one hand, it was never armed; this is also occasionally acknowledged by those who call it a paramilitary.〔(index.hu ) – ''Magyar Gárda: báránybőrbe bújt farkasok?'' (Magyar Gárda: Wolves in Sheep's Clothing?). Joób Sándor, 27 August 2007.〕 On the other hand, there was an occasion when Samu Tamás Gergő, president of the Békés County Jobbik organization expressed: "() if the Jobbik gains power () the members of the Gárda will form the backbone of the () Hungarian gendarmerie, will be invested with public authority, and will march here, on the streets of Sarkad with weapons on their side".〔(BEOL.hu ) – ''Tüntetés Sarkadon: fegyvert adna a Gárdának a Jobbik'' (Protests in Sarkad: The Jobbik Would Arm the Gárda). 1 March 2009.〕 The uniform was composed of black boots, black trousers with white shirt and black vest with the shape of a lion on its back and a coat of arms on the front, a shielded black cap and a red-white striped scarf. The Guard's coat of arms is based on that of Emeric of Hungary which features the Árpád stripes with 9 golden lions in 4 red stripes (3-3-2-1 lions per stripe). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Magyar Gárda」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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